Prevalence, Indications, and Outcomes of Stacked Vena Cava Filters

Guideline indications for Inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement primarily include an anticoagulation contraindication. The use of IVCF placement has risen by more than 200% over a decade including the placement of a second IVCF (“stacked IVCFs”). To determine the prevalence, indications