Ameliorative effects of Hydrolea zeylanica in streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and metabolic changes in diabetic rats

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl (Hydroleaceae) is an aquatic edible herb used to treat diabetes. However, appropriate experimental models are not available for validating its ethnomedicinal claim. Purpose With this aim in mind, we examined the bioactivity of hydroalcohol fraction of leaves of H. zeylanica (HAHZ) in streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: In vitro antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activities of different fractions of H. zeylanica were performed. The most effective bioactive fraction e.g. HAHZ was considered for kinetic studies to understand the mode of inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. To understand the chemical composition, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of HAHZ were performed. To find out the molecular mechanism of action of HAHZ, streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and metabolic changes in diabetic rats were studied. Results HAHZ demonstrated significantly higher radical scavenging and antidiabetic activities. Kinetic analysis revealed that HAHZ inhibited α-glucosidase competitively, and α-amylase mixed competitively. To understand the chemical composition, GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis of HAHZ identified 32 compounds and among which R-limonene (0.52%), perillartine (0.41%), N-formyl-L-lysine (1.49%), limonen-6-ol, pivalate (1.43%), lidocaine (1.70%) and gamolenic acid (2.80%) were reported to have antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. HAHZ-400 mg/kg showed significant (cp  Conclusion Antidiabetic property of HAHZ was due to presence of R-limonene, perillartine, N-formyl-L-lysine, limonen-6-ol, pivalate, lidocaine and gamolenic acid which may improve glycemic control mechanism by stimulating insulin secretion in diabetic rats.