State of the Art on the Application of Waste Materials in Geopolymer Concrete

This review paper presents and analyses the mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) which contain various waste materials. Significant findings have concluded that the absence of guidelines for the mix design of GPC has resulted in a wide variance of design parameters and therefore strength and durability properties. The purpose of this review is to compile recent research to highlight the inadequacy of the current literature and identify areas in which the current mix design can be improved. The development of mix design guidelines that focus on optimal Si/Al ratio, NaOH concentration and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio are required, as these factors are significantly affected by the addition of waste materials with varying chemical compositions and morphology.