Upper-Ocean Response to the Super Tropical Cyclone Phailin (2013) over the Freshwater Region of the Bay of Bengal

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of salinity stratification on the upper-ocean response to a category-5 TC, Phailin, that crossed the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) from October 08-13, 2013. A drastic increase of up to 5.0 PSU in sea surface salinity (SSS) was observed after Phailin’s passage, whereas a weak drop of below 0.5°C was observed in sea surface temperature (SST). Rightward biases were apparent in surface current and SSS but not evident in SST. Phailin-induced SST variations can be divided into the warming and cooling stages, corresponding to the existence of the thick barrier layer (BL) and temperature inversion before and erosion after Phailin’s passage, respectively. During the warming stage, SST increased due to strong entrainment of warmer water from the BL, which overcame the cooling induced by surface heat fluxes and horizontal advection. During the cooling stage, the entrainment and upwelling dominated the SST decrease. The pre-existence of the BL, which reduced entrainment cooli...