Epigenetics in depression

Abstract Recent studies have found the hypothesis that depression arises through the interaction between environmental and genetic factors alone to be insufficient, and research is now turning to a third factor, epigenetics. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA interference, are thought to be able to modulate vulnerability to the disease after stressful events. Interestingly, several studies have indicated the potential for the microRNAs circulating in blood, plasma, or serum to be used as peripheral markers of depression. Moreover, recent studies have raised the possibility of therapeutic use; more precisely, histone deacetylase inhibitors may serve as new therapeutic agents due to their antidepressant properties. Although, a number of studies have examined the role of epigenetics in depression, we are only beginning to understand the exact mechanisms of its pathogenesis. Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to further explore the promising value of epigenetic mechanisms.