Rome IV - Gastroduodenal Disorders.

Abstract Symptoms that can be attributed to the gastroduodenal region represent one of the main subgroups among functional gastrointestinal disorders. A slightly modified classification into four categories is proposed. B1) Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by one or more of: postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, epigastric burning that are unexplained after a routine clinical evaluation, includes two subcategories: Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS) that is characterized by meal-induced dyspeptic symptoms and Epigastric Pain Syndrome (EPS) that does not occur exclusively postprandially. The two subgroups may overlap. B2) Belching disorders, defined as audible escapes of air from the esophagus or the stomach, is classified into 2 subcategories, depending on the origin of the refluxed gas as detected by intraluminal impedance measurement belching: gastric and supragastric belch. B3) Nausea and vomiting disorders include three subcategories: chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome (CNVS); cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS); cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). B4) Rumination syndrome.