Localization of insulinoma associated protein 2, IA-2 in mouse neuroendocrine tissues using two novel monoclonal antibodies

Abstract Aims Insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family that is localized on the insulin granule membrane. IA-2 is also well known as one of the major autoantigens in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. IA-2 gene deficient mice were recently established and showed abnormalities in insulin secretion. Thus, detailed localization of IA-2 was studied using wild-type and IA-2 gene deficient mice. Main methods To localize IA-2 expression in mouse neuroendocrine tissues, monoclonal antibodies were generated against IA-2 and western blot and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in IA-2 +/+ mice. IA-2 −/− mice served as a negative control. Key findings Western blot analysis revealed that the 65 kDa form of IA-2 was observed in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pancreas, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, muscular layers of the stomach, small intestine, and colon. By immunohistochemical analysis, IA-2 was produced in endocrine cells in pancreatic islets, adrenal medullary cells, thyroid C-cells, Kulchitsky cells, and anterior, intermediate, and posterior pituitary cells. In addition, IA-2 was found in somatostatin-producing D-cells and other small populations of cells were scattered in the gastric corpus. IA-2 expression in neurites was confirmed by the immunostaining of IA-2 using primary cultured neurons from the small intestine and nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells. Significance The IA-2 distribution in peripheral neurons appeared more intensely in neurites rather than in the cell bodies.