Combined Medial Pathology in Patients with Lateral Chronic Ankle Instability: Rotational Instability of the Ankle?

Most ruptures of the ankle lateral ligament complex result from an inversion trauma, with a rotational component which might lead to combined or concomitant lesions on the medial aspect of the ankle in acute or chronic settings (e.g., injury of the deltoid ligament, mainly its anterior portion, osteochondral lesions, medial tibial and talar osteophytes).