Emergencies in Vascular Malformations

Congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) are one of the most challenging subgroups of diseases treated by vascular surgeons and interventionalists. Although the majority of these vascular anomalies are slow growing and present with minimal symptoms, there are few emergency presentations which are discussed in detail in this chapter. The most frequent presentations are due to bleeding from the involved organ. The other uncommon emergencies include thromboembolism, the sudden increase in pain, cardiac failure, paradoxical embolism or limb ulceration, and gangrene. The chapter gives information about different emergencies and management according to the type of vascular malformation.