Recent Advances in Treatment of Lung Cancer: Nanoparticle-Based Drug and siRNA Delivery Systems.

Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in both men and women worldwide. Considering the high mor-tality rate of lung cancer indicating the inadequacy of conventional treatment methods such as surgical resection, chemo-therapy and radiotherapy; new treatment strategies is an emerging area of interest. Nanoparticle-based drug and siRNA de-livery systems such as lipid, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, micelles and dendrimers are designed to enhance the bioavailability, stability and retention of the anti-cancer drug in the targeted regions of lung. These nanoparticle-based de-livery systems provide increased active ingredient half-life, targeting efficiency and reduced the required dose of the drug. Hence, they havemany advantages such as higher therapeutic efficacy, lower side effects, reducing adverse events. Combi-nations of active ingredients, anti-cancer agents and siRNA, can be formulated in nanoparticle-based delivery system that can be administered by variousroutes including inhalation and intravenous. In this review, development of lipidic and pol-ymeric nanoparticle-based drug and siRNA delivery systems used in the treatment of lung cancer are discussed.