Anatomic Danger Zones of the Head and Neck.

Background Dermatologic procedures require a detailed understanding of surface anatomy to avoid complications. The head and neck region has prominent danger zones including nerves and vasculature that may be at risk during cutaneous surgery. A thorough understanding of these danger zones can help avoid complications that may lead to functional or cosmetic impairment. Methods The anatomic literature regarding the course of high-risk structures of the head and neck was reviewed. Structures deemed at risk during dermatologic procedures were included in the analysis. The final analysis focused on branches of the facial nerve, parotid duct, spinal accessory nerve, trigeminal nerve, and the lacrimal system. Anatomical information was compiled regarding each high-risk structure to develop a "danger zone" at which each respective structure is at risk. Results The danger zone for each structure was compiled based on the review of the literature and depicted in the figures. Conclusion With careful attention to anatomy and the meticulous surgical technique, there is great potential for reduction in surgical injury to danger zones of the head and neck.