Can baseline endocrinological examination and thyroid ultrasound predict the development of thyroid disease in immunotherapy-treated patients? Results from a prospective, single-center, open-label study

Purpose Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown great efficacy in clinical oncology and a very safe toxicity profile. Nevertheless, endocrine toxicity and, in particular, thyroid diseases are among the most frequently reported adverse events. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of a complete endocrine evaluation before starting therapy, in order to predict which patients will develop a thyroid disease and will need a close follow-up.