The Efficacy of Intraoperative Freehand Erector Spinae Plane Block in Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Randomized Controlled Study.

STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized comparative (controlled) study. OBJECTIVE Management of the severe postoperative back pain followed the major spinal surgeries remains a challenge. The search is going on to find simple, efficient, and reliable perioperative analgesia with low side effects. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of intraoperative freehand erector spinae plane block (ESBP) after spinal surgeries. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A few case reports and randomized controlled studies demonstrated the analgesic efficacy of ESPB in spinal surgeries. Up-to-date, no randomized controlled studies investigated the effectiveness of ESPB on spinal instrumentation surgeries. METHODS We randomly divided fifty-six consecutive adult patients who underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for spondylolisthesis into two groups. The study (ESPB) group (n = 28) received intraoperative freehand bilateral ESPB with a 20 ml mixture solution of 0.25% bupivacaine and 1.0% lidocaine equally divided into all operating levels. In the control group (n = 28), 20 ml physiological saline was injected. Postoperatively, we ordered 1 gr Paracetamol thrice/day, besides patient-controlled analgesia pumps with morphine. We performed a postoperative evaluation with a visual analog scale (VAS), morphine consumption, ESPB-related adverse effects, and postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS). RESULTS Morphine consumption was significantly higher in the controls within the first postoperative 24-hour 44.75 ± 12.3 mg versus 33.75 ± 6.81 mg in the ESPB participants (p < 0.001). Except for postoperative 24th-hour VAS (p = 0.127), all postoperative VAS scores recorded at all time-points were significantly higher in the controls (p < 0.05). In control individuals, the first analgesic demand time was shorter, and PLOS was longer (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the ESPB group. We observed no significant difference regarding postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative ESPB as a part of multimodal analgesia was effective. For posterior instrumented patients with spondylolisthesis, it can relieve postoperative backache and reduce opioid consumption.Level of Evidence: 1.