Abcès du sein: aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques à l'Hôpital Principal de Dakar

Breast abscesses are neoformed collections of purulent matter occupying the mammary gland and the periglandular tissue. They can occur both in lactating or non-lactating women. The purpose of our study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of breast abscesses in patients hospitalized in the Division of General Surgery at the main hospital in Dakar. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study involving all patients treated for breast abscess over a 4-year period. We collected data from 41 medical records of female patients. The average age of patients was 31 years. The main risk factor was mastitis during lactation (27%). The average time of progression was 12 days, ranging from 1 to 30 days. Left abscesses were reported in 61% of cases and mostly manifested as an inflammatory swelling (88%). Upper quadrants were mainly involved (43.9%). Breast ultrasound was performed in 51.2% of female patients. Surgical drainage under general anesthesia was performed in all female patients. The mean quantity of pus was 119 cc. Staphylococcus aureuswas the most commonly isolated germ (79.5%). The average length of stay in hospital was 7 days and operative morbidity was 31.7%. Mortality was zero. Prevention of abscesses during lactation is based on improving breastfeeding practices and on early antibiotic treatment in patients with mastitis.