Patho-biochemical studies on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on Patho-biochemical studies on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity on exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid in layer chickens exposure to chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid in layer chickens

The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and imidacloprid (IMC) insecticides were The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and imidacloprid (IMC) insecticides were experimentally studied in layer chickens, taking into account the patho-biochemical alterations. The LD experimentally studied in layer chickens, taking into account the patho-biochemical alterations. The LD 50 50 values values estimated were 41 mg/kg bw and 104.1 mg/kg bw for CPF and IMC, respectively. The plasma cholineesterase estimated were 41 mg/kg bw and 104.1 mg/kg bw for CPF and IMC, respectively. The plasma cholineesterase enzyme was severely inhibited in chickens given a single dose of CPF at a rate of 55 mg/kg bw via oral enzyme was severely inhibited in chickens given a single dose of CPF at a rate of 55 mg/kg bw via oral gavage, while it remained unchanged in chickens given IMC at rate of 139 mg/kg bw via similar route. The gavage, while it remained unchanged in chickens given IMC at rate of 139 mg/kg bw via similar route. The activities of liver function enzymes viz. AKP, ALT and AST were signifi cantly increased in chickens of CPF activities of liver function enzymes viz. AKP, ALT and AST were signifi cantly increased in chickens of CPF and IMC groups. Uric acid level was signifi cantly increased and cholesterol level was only signifi cantly reduced and IMC groups. Uric acid level was signifi cantly increased and cholesterol level was only signifi cantly reduced in the plasma of chickens administrated CPF. Plasma glucose values in chickens given CPF as well as in in the plasma of chickens administrated CPF. Plasma glucose values in chickens given CPF as well as in chickens given IMC were signifi cantly increased at (P<0.01) and (P<0.05), respectively. Microscopically, liver chickens given IMC were signifi cantly increased at (P<0.01) and (P<0.05), respectively. Microscopically, liver tissue of CPF intoxicated chickens showed degeneration, coagulative necrosis and hemorrhages. The kidneys tissue of CPF intoxicated chickens showed degeneration, coagulative necrosis and hemorrhages. The kidneys showed hemorrhages, vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelial cells as well as focal coagulative necrosis. showed hemorrhages, vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelial cells as well as focal coagulative necrosis. Microscopic lesions of a similar type were observed in chickens given IMC. The exposure to CPF and IMC Microscopic lesions of a similar type were observed in chickens given IMC. The exposure to CPF and IMC produced histopathological changes that could be correlated with changes in the biochemical profi le of layer produced histopathological changes that could be correlated with changes in the biochemical profi le of layer chickens. chickens.