Evaluation of changes in periodontal health during menstrual cycle-a longitudinal study

Introduction: Hormonal fluctuation during menses alter the female’s response to dental plaque. In present study it has been correlated with gingival and oral cavity changes. Aims: 1) Evaluate gingival changes during 1st day of menses, ovulation day and 5 days before menses onset 2) Correlate these with dental plaque 3. Assess relationship between menstrual cycle and tooth mobility, oral ulcers, other dental complaints. Materials and Methods: Total 86 female subjects in age group 18-25 years with gingival inflammation, normal and steady menstrual cycle were seen at 1st day of menses (M), ovulation (O) and 5 days prior to menses onset (PM). Plaque Index [PI], Gingival Index [GI], Papillary Bleeding Index [PBI] were recorded at these three points. Occurrence of oral ulcers and mobility was also noted. Results: Mean value of PI at M, O & PM were respectively 0.79±0.88, 0.78±0.87, 0.79±0.86, of GI were respectively 1.79±0.13, 1.91±0.09, 1.87±0.12. Mean values of PBI at M, O & PM were respectively 2.55±0.50, 3.20±0.48, 2.94±0.53. Mean values of PI at M,O & P were almost identical.GI & PBI were significantly higher at ovulation & premenstruation in comparison to menstruation (p