Study on Fractal Characteristics of Migration-Population Flow—Evidence from Egypt

Population migration is a major event of optimizing the allocation of production factors and a key way to construct regional relations and promote spatial reconstruction. However, there are few papers published on population migration that have a direct impact on the sustainable development of deserts owing to the more sensitive and complex man–earth relationship. Therefore, it is important to study the laws and characteristics of population migration in such regions. The study of Egypt by Zipf’s law shows that the spatial distribution of migration population size conforms to the law of power function with fractal characteristics of different types. The migration population is generally in a “Pareto” state in spatial distribution. Decentralization power is the leading driving force of spatial distribution, and scale-free regional distribution shows significant spatial agglomeration and gradient. Limited by research scope and “heavy tail” factors, Zipf’s law is not completely applicable. The spatial pattern and flow field characteristics of the migration population are analyzed in this paper by the conversion from “structural fractal” to “spatial fractal” based on scale-free geographic projection, providing the reference for the formulation of population governance policies and spatial planning strategies in Egypt and more desert countries.