Analysis of Data from Wearable Sensors for Sleep Quality Estimation and Prediction Using Deep Learning

Wearable devices such as smartwatches, wristbands, GPS shoes are increasingly used for fitness and wellness as they allow users to monitor their daily health. These devices have sensors for accumulating user activity data. Clinical actigraph devices fall in the category of wearable devices worn on the wrist determined to estimate sleep parameters by recording movements during sleep. This study aims to predict sleep quality from wearable sensors using deep learning techniques. Three sleep indicators are proposed which are calculated using the data collected automatically from wearable devices. These sleep indicators are Daily Sleep Quality, Weekly Sleep Quality, and Sleep Consistency. Two deep learning models namely Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) have been implemented to predict sleep quality on the basis of the proposed indicators. Two datasets have been used to validate the work proposed in this study which include a dataset comprising sleep parameters using commercial wearable devices and another dataset consisting of sleep data using clinical actigraph device. Systematic Minority Oversampling Technique has been applied for data augmentation with the intent to increase data instances and to alleviate class imbalance. CNN is observed to outperform MLP in predicting sleep quality with the highest accuracy of 97.30%. This study also evaluates the worth of each sleep attribute using Information Gain algorithm in order to identify the most important attributes which contribute to the sleep quality. It has been concluded that in bed awake percentage contributes maximum to the Daily Sleep Quality, average sleep efficiency contributes maximum to the Weekly Sleep Quality and standard deviation of midpoint of in bed and out of bed times contributes maximum to the Sleep Consistency.