Models of Paradoxical Coincident Cost Degradation in Noncooperative Networks

[Networks] As large-scale networks, one can think of transportation networks, which consist of very many roads, through which lots of vehicles run through. It is inappropriate if the utilization factors of the networks are so low that the amounts of traffic through the networks are too small, or if the sojourn times of vehicles are too long due to the congestion. In relation to the notion of transportation networks, we have the term ‘information highway,’ which means information networks that are represented by the Internet. The Internet is an information network consisting of a great many nodes (or routers) and the communication lines interconnecting them, through which packets (in place of vehicles) run. Commonly as transportation networks, it is inappropriate if the utilization factors of the networks are so low that the amounts of traffic through the networks are too small or if the sojourn times of packets are too long due to the congestion.