Super Selective Radio Embolization of the Porcine Kidney With 90Yttrium Resin Microspheres: A Feasibility, Safety and Dose Ranging Study

Purpose: We determined whether super selective radio embolization of the porcine kidney was technically feasible and evaluated histopathological changes in the treatment target zone (upper or lower renal pole), adjacent nontargeted kidney, and adjacent and distant organs after administering 90Y labeled vs bland resin microspheres.Materials and Methods: We performed super selective radio embolization with 90Y resin microspheres in 1 kidney and with an equivalent number of bland microspheres in the corresponding pole of the contralateral kidney as a control. The aim was to achieve radio embolization of a target zone equivalent to approximately a third of the kidney volume. A pathologist independently graded macroscopic and microscopic changes in the kidney, and adjacent and distant tissue resulting from incremental increases (0.15 to 0.35 GBq) in implanted activity in 6 pigs.Results: We recorded grade 4 histological changes in the treatment target zone (upper or lower renal pole) in 5 of 6 pigs after inject...