Risk of delayed bleeding after hot snare polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection in the colorectum with continuation of anticoagulants.

Background Current guidelines recommend the temporary discontinuation of anticoagulants before colonoscopic polypectomy, but the effect of this practice on reducing the risk of delayed bleeding after hot snare polypectomy (HSP) and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the impact of anticoagulants on the risk of colorectal delayed bleeding after HSP and EMR, and evaluate the necessity of drug withdrawal. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of patients with colorectal polyps using antithrombotic drugs who underwent HSP and/or EMR between January 2016 and September 2020 at Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. After excluding antiplatelet users, patients were classified into those who continued anticoagulants [continuation group: 50 patients (93 lesions)] and those who discontinued anticoagulants [discontinuation group: 87 patients (190 lesions)]. Results Delayed bleeding occurred in 12 lesions, and there was no significant difference in the incidence rates between the continuation and the discontinuation groups (3.2% vs. 4.7%; P=0.756). Logistic regression analysis showed that continued use of anticoagulants was not a significant risk factor for delayed bleeding compared to anticoagulant discontinuation (odds ratio, 0.670; 95% CI, 0.177-2.537; P=0.556). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate and risk of delayed bleeding, regardless of the length of the anticoagulant withdrawal period. Conclusions Continued use of anticoagulants, compared to their discontinuation, did not increase the risk of colorectal delayed bleeding after HSP and EMR. Our results suggest that current guideline recommendations for anticoagulant withdrawal before colonoscopic polypectomy may be reconsidered. Trial registration UMIN000040449.