The Australian intervention randomized control of rate in atrial fibrillation trial (AIRCRAFT)

Abstract Objectives The Australian Intervention Randomized Control of Rate in Atrial Fibrillation Trial was a multicenter trial of atrioventricular junction ablation and pacing (AVJAP) compared with pharmacologic ventricular rate control (medication [MED]) in patients with mild to moderately symptomatic permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). Background There have been very few prospective randomized trials, undertaken in highly symptomatic patients, comparing AVJAP with pharmacologic methods of ventricular rate control for patients with permanent AF. Methods There were 99 patients (70 men, mean age 68 ± 8.6 years) at five centers. Forty-nine patients were randomized to AVJAP while 50 patients were randomized to pharmacologic control. The primary end point was cardiac function measured by echocardiography and exercise tolerance. The secondary end points were ventricular rate control, evaluated by 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, and quality of life. Data were collected at randomization and then at one month, six months, and 12 months post-randomization. Results At 12 months follow-up there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (AVJAP: 54 ± 17%; MED: 61 ± 13% [p = ns]) or exercise duration on treadmill testing (AVJAP: 4.1 ± 2 min; MED: 4.6 ± 2 min [p = ns]); however, the peak ventricular rate was lower in the AVJAP group during exercise (112 ± 17 beats/min vs. 153 ± 36 beats/min, p Conclusions In this trial, AVJAP for patients with mild to moderately symptomatic permanent AF did not worsen cardiac function during long-term follow-up, and quality of life was improved.