High-resolution axillary ultrasound is a poor prognostic test for determining pathologic lymph node status in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of high-resolution axillary ultrasound in detecting axillary lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Methods Fifty-three patients with stage II or III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy who had a physical examination, high-resolution axillary ultrasound, and axillary lymph node dissection from January 1999 to September 2003 were included in this study. Results The positive predictive value of the postchemotherapy ultrasound for predicting pathologic nodal involvement was 83%, but the negative predictive value was only 52%. Postchemotherapy physical examination was also poor at predicting pathologic nodal involvement with a positive predictive value of 93% and a negative predictive value of only 58%. Conclusions A negative post–neoadjuvant chemotherapy high-resolution axillary ultrasound or physical examination does not predict pathologic node status, and this test has limited value in this setting.