Therapeutic potential of ERK5 targeting in triple negative breast cancer

// Maria Jesus Ortiz-Ruiz 1 , Stela Alvarez-Fernandez 1 , Tracy Parrott 2 , Sara Zaknoen 2 , Francis J. Burrows 2 , Alberto Ocana 3 , Atanasio Pandiella 1 , Azucena Esparis-Ogando 1 1 Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer, CSIC-IBSAL-Universidad de Salamanca, Spain 2 Tragara Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA 3 Hospital Universitario de Albacete, and AECC Unit, Spain Correspondence to: Azucena Esparis-Ogando, e-mail: esparis@usal.es Keywords: breast cancer, kinase inhibitor, ERK5. Received: April 21, 2014      Accepted: August 06, 2014      Published: November 04, 2014 ABSTRACT Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) account for 15% of all breast cancers, and represent one of the most aggressive forms of the disease, exhibiting short relapse-free survival. In contrast to other breast cancer subtypes, the absence of knowledge about the etiopathogenic alterations that cause TNBCs force the use of chemotherapeutics to treat these tumors. Because of this, efforts have been devoted with the aim of incorporating novel therapies into the clinical setting. Kinases play important roles in the pathophysiology of several tumors, including TNBC. Since expression of the MAP kinase ERK5 has been linked to patient outcome in breast cancer, we analyzed the potential value of its targeting in TNBC. ERK5 was frequently overexpressed and active in samples from patients with TNBC, as well as in explants from mice carrying genetically-defined TNBC tumors. Moreover, expression of ERK5 was linked to a worse prognosis in TNBC patients. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that ERK5 supported proliferation of TNBC cells. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 with TG02, a clinical stage inhibitor which targets ERK5 and other kinases, inhibited cell proliferation by blocking passage of cells through G 1 and G 2 , and also triggered apoptosis in certain TNBC cell lines. TG02 had significant antitumor activity in a TNBC xenograft model in vivo, and also augmented the activity of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat TNBC. Together, these data indicate that ERK5 targeting may represent a valid strategy against TNBC, and support the development of trials aimed at evaluating the clinical effectiveness of drugs that block this kinase.