Sterility and concentration of liposomal bupivacaine single‐use vial when used in a multiple‐dose manner

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sterility of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (Nocita(R)) used in a multiple-dose fashion for 5 days. STUDY DESIGN: Triplicate liposomal bupivacaine vials were stored under two conditions, (1) room temperature (24 degrees C) and (2) refrigerated temperature (5 degrees C). A 3-mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vial daily. Samples were inoculated in tryptic soy broth in triplicate and then incubated for 24 hours at 37 degrees C and subcultured every 48 hours onto blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar, respectively. Separate 1.5-mL aliquots of liposomal bupivacaine were centrifuged at 3500 g to separate liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine from the solution. Concentration of unencapsulated bupivacaine was analyzed via high-pressure liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using mixed effects procedure with multiple comparisons. SAMPLE POPULATION: Ten 20-mL vials of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension stored under two conditions, (1) room temperature (24 degrees C) and (2) refrigerated temperature (5 degrees C). RESULTS: Five days of repeated withdrawal from the single-use vials yielded no bacterial growth. One control vial, which was opened and punctured once on the last day of the experiment, yielded fungal growth of an Aspergillus spp, likely an environmental contaminant. The concentration of free bupivacaine did not significantly differ until the fifth day of sampling. CONCLUSION: When aseptic technique was used, liposomal bupivacaine remained sterile for 5 days. Concentrations of free bupivacaine were unchanged from baseline for 4 days in both refrigerated and room temperature conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Single-use liposomal bupivacaine vials can be used extralabel in a multiple-dose fashion for up to 4 days when stored either refrigerated or room temperature when sterile technique is used.