Update on Aquaporin, Contribution to the Diarrhoea Pathology

Emerging evidence acknowledge the view that Aquaporin’s (AQP’s) water channels are the controller of transcellular water flow in the Gastro intestines (GI), relating with their expressions in most intestinal tissues. And diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. Owing to peculiar role of AQP’s in the GI, Changes in their distribution play important role in etiopathogenesis of diarrhoea, as they have direct involvement in the normal dehydration of faecal contents. Intensive studies on animal and cell model suggested inflammation and regulatory pathways such as cAMP/PKA/CREB affects activities of AQP’s gene expression, and the current information on regulatory pathways and directed mechanistic research are hypothesized to work out new approach for these clinical implications. Researchers are aimed on developing AQP modulators, blockers and inhibitors for therapeutic needs, and better understanding the role of intestinal AQP’s in inter individual susceptibility to diarrhoea diseases. Here we found that, α-ketoglutarate (AKG), nisin, genistein, anti-diarrheal Chinese medicine: Rhubarb tannin extract, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat and deletion of AQP4 help in clinical management of intestinal diarrhoea in different models of diarrhoea. It is there fore effective at reducing symptoms, possibly specific targets for AQP’s modulation. This review seeks to compile scientific evidence on changes in the abundance and modulation of AQP water channels that occur in different models of diarrheoa, marking a potential novel therapeutic target.