Evaluation of demands, usage and unmet needs for emergency care in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

Objectives To assess the burden of emergent illnesses and emergency care system usage by Yaounde residents and to evaluate unmet needs for emergency care and associated barriers. Design A cross-sectional study using a community-based survey. Setting Yaounde, Cameroon. Participants All residents living in Yaounde were selected as the target population to investigate the needs and usage of emergency care in Yaounde. 14 households in every health area (47 in total) were selected using 2-stage sampling. Primary outcome measures Unmet needs for emergency care. Results Among the 3201 participants from 619 households who completed the survey, 1113 (34.8%) with median age of 22 experienced 1 or more emergency conditions in the previous year. Respondents who experienced emergency conditions used emergency units (7.0%), outpatient clinics (46.5%) or hospitalisation (13.0%), and in overall, 68.8% of them reported unmet needs for emergency care. The primary reasons for not seeking healthcare were economic issues (37.2%) and use of complementary medicine (22.2%). Young age (adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.80 (1.23 to 2.62)), rental housing (1.50 (1.11 to 2.03)) and moderate household income (0.60 (0.36 to 0.99)) were associated with unmet needs for emergency care. Conclusions Residents of Yaounde had a high demand for emergency care, and high unmet needs were observed due to low emergency care usage. Development of a cost-effective, universal emergency care system is urgently needed in Cameroon.