Lung cancer and kidney injury: An updated review

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, accounting for an estimated 1 8 million deaths Lung cancer is also the most common primary cancer leading to soft tissue (ST) metastasis Renal disease may occur as a direct or indirect consequence of the cancer itself (e g , post-renal obstruction, compression, or infiltration), its treatment (e g , radiotherapy or chemotherapy), or its related complications (e g , opportunistic infection) Existing evidence shows that the most frequent primary solid tumor responsible for renal metastasis is pulmonary carcinoma, followed by gastric, breast, soft tissue, and thyroid carcinomas Chronic kidney disease is a potential risk factor in the survival of patients with lung cancer In this review, we will discuss causes of kidney injury in relation to lung cancer, potential mechanisms of kidney injury, and treatment options