308 Urinary Stone Disease

Nephrolithiasis is the formation of stones in the kidney, while urolithiasis is stone in the urinary system. The existence of nephrolithiasis was known to Hippocrates, who described the symptoms of renal colic: ‘‘An acute pain is felt in the kidney, the loins, the flank and the testis of the affected side; the patient passes urine frequently; gradually the urine is suppressed. With the urine, sand is passed.’’ Nephrocalcinosis, when there is generalized increase in Calcium content of the kidney, which can be microscopic or macroscopic when you can see abnormal renal tissue using radiologic evaluation.