Spatiotemporal combination of thermosensitive polypeptide fused interferon and temozolomide for post-surgical glioblastoma immunochemotherapy.

Cancer recurrence post surgical resection is of considerable challenge especially in glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. Herein, we demonstrate that interferon-alpha (IFN) fused to a body temperature-sensitive elastin-like polypeptide (IFN-ELP(V)) formed a depot in situ when injected into GBM resection cavity in a mouse brain orthotopic model of GBM. Notably, IFN-ELP(V) in the depot showed a zero-order release kinetics, resulting in dramatically improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and thus inhibited GBM recurrence by stimulating antitumor immunoresponse as compared to IFN. More importantly, when combined with subsequent intraperitoneal injection of temozolomide (TMZ), IFN-ELP(V) could much more effectively suppress post-surgical GBM recurrence than IFN, leading to a remarkably enhanced GBM-free survival rate (60%) over IFN (12.5%). Our findings implicate that the spatiotemporally-programmed combination of IFN-ELP(V) and TMZ leads to the synergy of post-surgical GBM immunochemotherapy, thereby providing a new and effective strategy for cancer therapy.