Periodontal disease: Understanding oral-systemic connections

Periodontal diseases are collection of several pathological conditions characterized by degeneration of gums, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, dental cementum, and migration of epithelium leading to the formation of periodontal pockets. Metastatic spread, metastatic injury, and metastatic inflammation are the three basic pathways linking oral infections to secondary systemic diseases. Metastatic spread of infection may occur from oral cavity to systemic circulation due to transient bacteremia. The study emphasizes on discussion about potential risk factors. Therefore, it is important to understand all possible risk-factors if morbidity and mortality due to this disease are to be reduced. Oral infection may represent a significant risk factor for systemic diseases, and hence the control of oral disease is essential for the prevention and management of these systemic conditions.