Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide synthase genes polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction in Bangladesh

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading manifestations of illness and death worldwide. The aim of the study was to find out the associations of ACE (I/D) and NOS3 (G894T & 4b/a) genes polymorphisms with the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) in Bangladeshi population. The study was conducted on 100 cardiac patients experiencing MI and 150 healthy volunteers with no complications. The genotyping was done using PCR and PCR-RFLP methods and the biochemical parameters were measured using auto biochemistry analyzer. Over all, the serum Troponin I, AST and ALP levels were significantly (p<0.01, and 0.001, respectively) higher and the albumin level was significantly (p<0.001) lower among the patients. The percentage of DD genotypes of ACE gene was significantly (p <0.05) higher in patients. The individual with DD allele was at 3.28-fold increased risk (OR = 3.28; 95 % CI = 1.6 to 6.7; p < 0.01) of experiencing MI while individual with ID genotype was at lower risk. In addition, the cigarette smokers with DD genotypes were found to have a 4.1-fold increased risk to develop cardiac disease (OR= 4.1; 95 % CI=1.5 to 11.2; p < 0.01). The frequencies of NOS3 (G894T & 4a/b) genotypes in the patients and controls were almost similar. There were no significant differences among the biochemical parameters for different genotypes. Thus our recent study suggested that the ACE (I/D) gene may have strong associations with the occurrence of MI and DD genotype would be considered as a risk factor.