Effect of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles on histological changes of uterus and biochemical parameters of blood serum in rat

One of the highly utilized nanoparticles for industrial and medical purposes is molybdenum trioxide nanoparticle (MoO3 NP). The objective of this study was the evaluation of its effects on uterus and biochemistry of blood serum in rat. A total number of 42 adult female Wistar rats were divided into six groups of seven animals each. The groups included one control group, four experimental groups, and one sham group. The control group received no nanoparticle. The experimental groups were treated with 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of MoO3, and for the sham group, physiological serum was injected intraperitoneally. Thirty-five days after the treatment, blood samples were taken; the uterus and uterine tubes were removed and fixed in 10% formalin. Routine tissue processing was performed, and 5-μm sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and trichrome, simultaneously. For monitoring estrous cycles, daily vaginal smears were taken and the rats were selected in proestrus stage. In the experimental groups that received 200 and 300 mg/kg of MoO3, one rat from each group died. The findings showed a significant decrease in the weight of uterus, uterine total area, myometrium thickness, length of uterine tubes, and the diameter of the right uterine tube, while the height of luminal epithelium increased significantly. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and the rate of CHOL/HDL showed a significant decrease, and for the other parameters, a significant increase was observed. The findings indicated negative effects of MoO3 NPs on uterus and some blood parameters in the rat model. So, a precautionary prescription for these compounds, especially nanomedications, is recommended.