Tutorial on Quantification of Differences between Single‐ and Two‐Component Two‐Phase Flow and Heat Transfer

Single‐component two‐phase systems are envisaged for aerospace thermal control applications: Mechanically Pumped Loops, Vapour Pressure Driven Loops, Capillary Pumped Loops and Loop Heat Pipes. Thermal control applications are foreseen in different gravity environments: Micro‐g, reduced‐g for Mars or Moon bases, 1‐g during terrestrial testing, and hyper‐g in rotating spacecraft, during combat aircraft manoeuvres and in systems for outer planets. In the evaporator, adiabatic line and condenser sections of such single‐component two‐phase systems, the fluid is a mixture of the working liquid (for example ammonia, carbon dioxide, ethanol, or other refrigerants, etc.) and its saturated vapour. Results of two‐phase two‐component flow and heat transfer research (pertaining to liquid‐gas mixtures, e.g. water/air, or argon or helium) are often applied to support research on flow and heat transfer in two‐phase single‐component systems. The first part of the tutorial updates the contents of two earlier tutorials, di...