Segmental arterial mediolysis with 5 splenic artery aneurysms. A rare finding of a rare disease: Case report and literature review

Abstract Introduction Splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) are uncommon findings. They are usually single and isolated; however they can be multiple; hence vasculopathy and segmental artery mediolysis may be considered. Presentation of case In our manuscript we present a case of a 54 year old multiparous lady who was discovered incidentally to have a diseased splenic artery containing five SSAs. The largest aneurysm was close to the takeoff of the vessel and the smallest was distal embedded in the splenic hilum. Endovascular option was technically not feasible. Therefore the patient underwent a complete splenic artery resection with splenectomy and the histopathologic examination was suggestive of segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM). Discussion and conclusion Multiple SAAs remains a rare finding of a rare disease. Complications can be crucial and high index of suspicion is important. Segmental arterial mediolysis can be considered in patients with several aneurysms on one anatomic site; Angiography is the gold standard diagnostic and therapeutic method. Complete splenic artery resection with splenectomy is the best treatment option for solitary vessel involvement.