Flow Synthesis of Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: From Rapid Parameter Space Mapping to AI-Guided Modular Manufacturing

Summary Microscale flow synthesis is a versatile technology for accelerated materials development and rapid process-structure-property mapping of solution-processed materials. Lead (Pb) halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), with their outstanding optoelectronic properties and widespread applications in photonic devices, are an exciting high-priority material candidate for rapid exploration with flow synthesis strategies. Modular and reconfigurable flow synthesis platforms equipped with precursor formulation, controlled flow synthesis, and in situ diagnostic modules can enable high-throughput experimentation with real-time access to Pb halide PQD optoelectronic properties. In this review, we discuss recent efforts focused on in situ characterization, post-processing, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced synthesis optimization, and mechanistic studies of Pb halide PQDs conducted utilizing flow synthesis techniques. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the recently developed AI-guided flow synthesis strategies for accelerated development and continuous manufacturing of Pb halide PQDs. Finally, we present current challenges and potential future directions toward enabling end-to-end continuous manufacturing of application-ready PQDs.