Numerical modeling of multiphase flow,heat transfer and titanium flow behavior in blast furnace hearth

Understanding the complex phenomena in BF hearth is essential to increase furnace productivity and to extend furnace campaign.We have developed several continuum-based mathematical/numerical models to simulate the multi-phase flow,heat transfer and chemical reactions in the BF hearth.These models have generated an improved insight on the mechanisms for liquid drainage efficiency,lining erosion and wall protection in BF hearth under operational conditions.The current paper gives an overview of these studies in three aspects:Gas flow and pressure on the liquid surface,and their effect on the drainage characteristics;The flow and temperature distributions of liquid iron in BF hearth,and the temperature distribution in the refractories;Finally,titanium behaviors due to titania injection to form Ti(C,N) -rich scaffold on the hearth surface,to protect the hearth from erosion.