Complications aigues de la drepanocytose chez les enfants en hospitalisation au Togo

Introduction : La drepanocytose avec ses complications aigues et chroniques, est un probleme de sante publique en Afrique. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’evaluer les aspects epidemiologique, diagnostique, therapeutique et financier des complications aigues de la drepanocytose en hospitalisation.Materiel et Methode : Il s’agit d’une etude transversale, multicentrique et descriptive couvrant la periode du 28 Mai au 09 Juillet 2018 enrolant les enfants drepanocytaires hospitalises au CHU-SO et au CHU-Campus de Lome. Les variables etudiees etaient : le sexe et l’âge, la profession des parents, le type et frequence de crise et facteurs declenchants, le type des complications aigues, le profil electrophoretique et le bilan a visee diagnostique positif, etiologique, de retentissement et de surveillance ; les donnees therapeutiques et financieres.Resultats : Au total 50 enfants ont ete enroles dont 56% (N=28) avaient un âge compris entre 5 et 10 ans. Le sexe ratio etait de 1,17. La forme homozygote SS etait de 88% (N=44) suivie de la forme SC 8% (N=4) et FS 4% (N=2). Les complications aigues etaient thrombotiques 4% (N=2), infectieuses 6% (N=3), anemiques 28% (N=14) et des crises vaso-occlusives 62% (N=32). Le froid etait le facteur declenchant preponderant. Le cout global direct d’une hospitalisation pour les complications aigues de la drepanocytose a ete en moyenne de 231 884,6 ± 175 547,03 francs CFA. Conclusion : Les crises vasoocclusives etaient la premiere complication aigue chez les enfants drepanocytaires vus en hospitalisation et le cout global direct moyen d’une hospitalisation de ces complications etait eleve. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Sickle cell anemia, with its acute and chronic complications, is a public health problem in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and financial aspects of acute complications of sickle cell anemia in hospitalization.Material and Method: This is a cross-sectional, multicentric and descriptive study covering a period from May 28 to July 09, 2018 concerning sickle cell children hospitalized at the CHU-SO and at the CHU-Lome Campus. The variables studied were sex and age, parents' profession, type and frequency of crisis and triggering factors, type of acute complications, electrophoretic profile and assessment for positive, etiological, repercussion and surveillance, therapeutic and financial data.Results: A total of 50 children were enrolled, 56% of whom (N=28) were between 5 and 10 years old. The sex ratio was 1.17. The homozygous SS form was 88% (N=44) followed by the SC 8% form (N=4) and FS 4% (N=2). Acute complications were thrombotic 4% (N=2), infectious 6% (N=3), anemic 28% (N=14) and vaso-occlusive crises 62% (N=32). The overall direct cost of hospitalization for acute complications of sickle cell diseasewas on average 231,884.6 ± 175,547.03 CFA francs.Conclusion: Vaso-occlusive crises were the first acute complication in sickle cell children seen in hospitalization and the overall average direct cost of hospitalization for these acute complications was high.