Recent Studies on Multifunctional Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell by Various Nanomaterials

Based on nanotechnology, nanocomposites are synthesized using nanoparticles (NP), which have some advantages in terms of multifunctional, economic, and environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the inorganic applications as well as catalytic applications of NPs. Recently, structural defects, heteroatomic doping, and heterostructures of such efficient ideal catalysts and their application as multifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. It has been verified that the catalysts used in oxygen reduction reaction and OER can be used effectively in metal/air batteries. Moreover, it has been reported that high-efficiency catalysts are required to implement urea oxidation reaction (UOR), which involves a six-electron reaction, as an electrochemical reaction. We expect that this review can be applied to sustainable and diverse electrochemistry fields.