Extrapleural Pneumonectomy versus Pleurectomy/Decortication for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.

Abstract Background Whether extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) or extended pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) is the optimal resection for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) remains controversial. We therefore compared perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of patients who underwent EPP vs P/D. Methods Patients with the diagnosis of MPM who underwent either EPP or P/D from 2000 to 2019 were identified from our departmental database. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize potential confounders for EPP or P/D. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox multivariable analysis. Results Of 282 patients, 187 (66%) underwent EPP and 95 (34%) P/D. Even with propensity score matching, perioperative mortality was significantly higher for EPP than for P/D (11% vs. 0%; P=0.031), when adjusted for perioperative mortality, median overall survival between EPP and P/D was 15 vs. 22 months, respectively (P=0.276). Cox multivariable analysis for the matched cohort identified epithelioid histology (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; P=0.029), macroscopic complete resection (HR, 0.41; P=0.004), adjuvant radiation therapy (HR, 0.57; P=0.019), and more recent operative years (HR, 0.93; P=0.011)—but not P/D—to be associated with better survival. Asbestos exposure (HR, 2.35; P=0.003) and pathological nodal disease (HR, 1.61; P=0.048) were associated with worse survival. Conclusions In a multimodality treatment setting, P/D and EPP had comparable long-term oncological outcomes, although P/D had much lower perioperative mortality. The goal of surgical cytoreduction should be macroscopic complete resection achieved by the safest operation a patient can tolerate.