Checkpoint inhibitors: Interface of cancer and autoimmunity: Opportunity for second level precision medicine

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have dramatically improved the treatment of certain types of cancer and represent an example of applied precision medicine (PM). However, some patients treated with ICI can develop immune-related adverse events (irAE) that can progress to overt life-threatening diseases. During the past years, there have been a flood of case reports and case series reporting irAE mimicking almost every know autoimmune disease. The present chapter summarizes the knowledge about irAE in patients treated with ICI and provides an outlook on potential refinements on the management of irAE including a potential second level PM approach to reduce or prevent irAE.