Sleep disorders in patients with CKD and ESRD

Abstract Sleep is critical for physical, emotional, and mental health. Health providers should be aware of sleep disorders to address patient-centered concerns. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) frequently report poor sleep quality and other sleep-related symptoms. Adult and pediatric patients with CKD often complain of snoring, difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, unintentional daytime napping, and restless legs. Polysomnography studies often reveal a high frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in these patients. The high frequency of sleep disorders among those with CKD and ESRD is multifactorial, has an atypical presentation, and results in poor health, impaired daily functioning, poor quality of life, and reduced well-being. This chapter focuses on the most common sleep disorders and symptoms in CKD/ESRD and characterizes the extent to which these are reported. Finally, this chapter explores the diagnostic challenges and available management options.