Redox-controlled release dynamics of thallium in periodically flooded arable soil

Abstract To our knowledge, this is the first work to mechanistically study the impact of the redox potential (E H ) and principal factors, such as pH, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorides (Cl − ) and sulfates (SO 4 2- ), on the release dynamics of thallium (Tl) in periodically flooded soil. We simulated flooding using an automated biogeochemical microcosm system that allows for systematical control of pre-defined redox windows. The E H value was increased mechanistically at intervals of approximately 100 mV from reducing (−211 mV) to oxidizing (475 mV) conditions. Soluble Tl levels (0.02–0.28 μg L −1 ) increased significantly with increases in E H (r = 0.80, p