Synthesis of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials – Advances, challenges and prospects

Abstract Adoption of future industrial innovations, from two-dimensional material (2D) on wafer size to large-scale integrated circuit fabrication is the biggest issue in present era. Optoelectronic technologies for the 4th generation require nanocrystals with large surface areas and excellent quality. Enormous efforts have been made to develop materials that can be automatically thinned into two-dimensional sheets with large dimensions, regulated thicknesses, parallel crystal domains and minimal defects. Recently emphasis has focused on the extraordinary mechanical, thermal and optoelectric properties of 2D materials. As a result, more study need on the appropriate synthesis and fabrication of laminar 2D nano-materials, as well as their integration into a vast range of applications. Moreover, several techniques and procedures for orchestrating high-quality and ultrathin nanosheets have emerged, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks in 2D nanomaterial design. Some examples of new 2D materials are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), mono-natural 2D sheets, carbides, and nitride-based materials. A good number of scholars have put huge efforts on the 2D unique novel nano-structures. A discussion of forthcoming manufacturing possibilities, present and novel usage, and the remaining problems of 2D materials has been produced as a consequence of this comprehensive study. In addition, 2D nanomaterials with enhanced optical performance are also discussed in this comprehensive article. Finally, a few standouts and improved material production methods, as well as prospects in these fascinating and fast-paced fields have been demonstrated.