Outdoor mobility assistance-technologies helping on the way

This chapter on outdoor mobility showed that the realisation of seamless and intermodal mobility requires not only a lot of technologies but also the systematic integration and combination of different navigational methods. First of all the positioning of pedestrians is constrained by a high inaccuracy of GNSS in urban areas. By entering public or private buildings, there is a need for a seamless change to indoor positioning technologies, which in turn are only available in selected areas. Additionally, both-the indoor as well as the outdoor environment-need to be modelled precisely and with a high level of detail. At last, the lack of interoperability still remains. Although the use of crowdsourcing concepts could lead to a higher data quality in the meantime, there are only just a few standardisation approaches. Even efficient and intuitive human machine interfaces for pedestrian navigation are still subject to research.