Ionization-density-dependent Scintillation Pulse Shape and Mechanism of Luminescence Quenching in LaBr3:Ce

Pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) is usually achieved using the different fast and slow decay components of inorganic scintillators, such as ${\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{Cs}\mathrm{I}$:Tl, etc. However, ${\mathrm{La}\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$:$\mathrm{Ce}$ is considered to not possess different components at room temperature, but has been proved to have the capability of discriminating \ensuremath{\gamma} and \ensuremath{\alpha} events using fast digitizers. In this paper, ionization-density-dependent transport and rate equations are used to quantitatively model the competing processes in a particle track. With one parameter set, the model reproduces the nonproportionality response of electrons or \ensuremath{\alpha} particles, and explains the measured \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\gamma} pulse-shape difference well. In particular, the nonlinear quenching of excited dopant ions, ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$, is confirmed herein to mainly contribute observable ionization \ensuremath{\alpha} and \ensuremath{\gamma} pulse-shape differences. Further study of the luminescence quenching can also help to better understand the fundamental physics of nonlinear quenching and thus improve the crystal engineering. Moreover, based on the mechanism of dopant quenching, the ionization-density-dependent pulse-shape differences in other fast single-decay-component inorganic scintillators, such as lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate, ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{2(1\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x})}{\mathrm{Y}}_{2\mathrm{x}}{\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{O}}_{5}:\mathrm{Ce}$ (LYSO) and ${\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Br}}_{3}$, are also predicted and verified with experiments.