Comparative Effectiveness of Hybrid Ablation Versus Endocardial Catheter Ablation Alone in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Abstract Objectives The outcomes of hybrid ablation versus endocardial catheter ablation alone were evaluated in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Background Variable outcomes exist following endocardial catheter ablation in medically refractory patients with persistent AF. A hybrid epicardial−endocardial approach has emerged as an alternative to endocardial ablation. Methods In 133 consecutive patients, 69 received endocardial ablation alone (pulmonary vein isolation and radiofrequency catheter ablation [endo group]) and 64 received endocardial catheter ablation and epicardial ablation (hybrid group). Recurrence was defined as any arrhythmia following the 3-month blanking period. Results Patients were followed for a median of 16 months. The hybrid and endo groups were similar in age (61 ± 10 years vs. 62 ± 8 years), body mass index (35 ± 6 kg/m 2 vs. 35 ± 7 kg/m 2 ), CHA 2 D 2 -VASc score (2 ± 1 vs. 2 ± 1), and ejection fraction (54 ± 11% vs. 53 ± 8%). The hybrid group had longer AF duration (median [interquartile range (IQR)] (12 months [IQR: 8 to 28 months] vs. 7 months [IQR: 5 to 12 months]; p  Conclusions Among patients with persistent AF, hybrid ablation is associated with less AF recurrence and fewer re-do ablations. Prospective large-scale randomized trials are needed to validate these results.