Selectivity of different biological products to the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

Abstract The selectivity of five entomopathogens and a chemical insecticide (positive control) to pupae and adults of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) was evaluated in the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions according to protocols established by the International Organization for Biological Control. Baculovirus anticarsia (Baculovirus AEE ® ), Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Thuricide ® ), Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (Agree ® ), Beauveria bassiana (Boveril ® ), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarril ® ) and Trichoderma harzianum (Trichodermil ® ) are harmless to T. remus pupae, and adults. Thus, our results suggest that the insect control strategies applied here are compatible since entomopathogens were classified as harmless to T. remus in most examined cases and therefore facilitate a joint application to control different pests. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Dipel ® ), despite being classified as slightly harmful in some of the evaluations, can still be considered compatible for use together with T. remus , especially when compared with chemical insecticides such as chlorpyrifos that might be considered harmful to the parasitoid survival.