CHARLES G DRAKE HISTORY OF SURGERY LECTURE The Saga of Liver Replacement, with Particular Reference to the Reciprocal Influence of Liver and Kidney Transplantation (1955–1967)

Between 1955 and the end of 1967, the framework of clinical organ transplantation that exists today was established in a small number of centers in continental Europe, Great Britain, and the North America. Here, I will describe the events during this period that led to human liver replacement. These efforts were influenced by, and in turn contributed to, the development of other kinds of organ transplantation, and especially that of the kidney.