Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation for Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmia in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device

Abstract Cardiac sympathetic denervation has been shown to reduce sustained ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks by inhibiting sympathetic outflow to the heart. We describe the first case to our knowledge of cardiac sympathetic denervation in the left ventricular assist device population. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)